Igor Sikorsky and the History of the Helicopter

During the mid-1500s, Italian inventor and artist Leonardo Da Vinci (1452–1519) made drawings of an ornithopter flying machine, a fantastical machine that might have flapped its wings like a bird and that some experts say inspired the modern helicopter. In 1784, French inventors named Launoy and Bienvenue demonstrated a toy to the French Academy that had a rotary-wing that could lift and fly. The toy proved the principle of helicopter flight. Origins of the Name In 1863, the French writer Gustave de  Ponton dAmà ©court (1825–1888) was the first person to coin the term helicopter from the Greek words helix for spiral and pter for wings. The very first piloted helicopter was invented by French engineer Paul Cornu (1881–1944) in 1907.  However, his design did not work, and French inventor Etienne Oehmichen (1884–1955) was more successful. He built and flew a helicopter one kilometer in 1924. Another early helicopter that flew for a decent distance was the German Focke-Wulf Fw 61, invented by an unknown designer. Who Invented the Helicopter? The Russian-American aviation pioneer Igor Sikorsky (1889–1972) is considered to be the father of helicopters, not because he was the first to invent it, but because he invented the first successful helicopter upon which further designs were based. One of aviations greatest designers, Sikorsky began work on helicopters as early as 1910. By 1940, Sikorskys successful VS-300 had become the model for all modern single-rotor helicopters. He also designed and built the first military helicopter, the XR-4, which he delivered to the U.S. Army in 1941. Sikorskys helicopters had the control capabilities to fly safely forwards and backward, up and down and sideways. In 1958, Sikorskys rotorcraft company made the worlds first helicopter that had a boat hull. It could land and take off from the water; and floated on water as well. Stanley Hiller In 1944, U.S. inventor Stanley Hiller, Jr. (1924–2006) made the first helicopter with all-metal rotor blades that were very stiff. They allowed the helicopter to fly at speeds much faster than before. In 1949, Stanley Hiller piloted the first helicopter flight across the United States, piloting a helicopter that he invented called the Hiller 360. In 1946, U.S. pilot and pioneer Arthur M. Young (1905–1995) of the Bell Aircraft company designed the Bell Model 47 helicopter, the first helicopter to have a full bubble canopy and the first certified for commercial use. Well-Known Helicopter Models Throughout History SH-60 SeahawkThe UH-60 Black Hawk was fielded by the Army in 1979. The Navy received the SH-60B Seahawk in 1983 and the SH-60F in 1988. HH-60G Pave HawkThe Pave Hawk is a highly-modified version of the Army Black Hawk helicopter and features an upgraded communication and navigation suite. The design includes an integrated inertial navigation/global positioning/Doppler navigation system, satellite communications, secure voice, and Have Quick frequency-hopping communications. CH-53E Super StallionThe Sikorsky CH-53E Super Stallion is the largest helicopter in the western world. CH-46D/E Sea KnightThe CH-46 Sea Knight was first procured in 1964. AH-64D Longbow ApacheThe AH-64D Longbow Apache is the most advanced, versatile, survivable, deployable, and maintainable multi-role combat helicopter in the world. Paul E. Williams  (U.S. patent #3,065,933)On November 26, 1962, African-American inventor Paul E. Williams patented a helicopter named the Lockheed Model 186 (XH-51). It was a compound experimental  helicopter,  and only 3 units were built. Sources and Further Information Fay, John Foster. The Helicopter: History, Piloting, and How it Flies. Sterling Book House, 2007.  Leishman, J. Gordon. Principles of Helicopter Aerodynamics. Cambridge UK: Cambridge University Press, 2000.Prouty, Raymond W., and H. C. Curtiss, Helicopter Control Systems: A History. Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics 26.1 (2003): 12–18.

Human Evolution Essay - 2986 Words

Human Evolution Human evolution is the biological and cultural development of humans. A human is any member of the species Homo sapiens, meaning wise man. Since at least the Upper Paleolithic era, some 40,000 years ago, every human society has devised a creation myth to explain how humans came to be. Creation myths are based on cultural beliefs that have been adopted as a legitimate explanation by a society as to where we came from. The science of paleoanthropology, which also tries to create a narrative about how humans came to be, is deeply technical. Paleoantropology is the science of the evolution of humans, and it is the base of all research in that field. Humans have undergone many different changes during the last hundred†¦show more content†¦We share almost 99 percent of our genetic material with chimpanzees. Yet we have several traits that are very different. Two legged walking, or bipedalism seems to be one of the earliest of the major hominine characteristics to have evolved. To accommodate this strange position, we have developed a specialized pelvis, hip and leg muscles, and an S-shaped vertebral column. Because these changes can be documented in fossil bone, bipedalism is seen as the defining trait of the sub family Homininae. Much of the human ability to make and use tools and other objects stem from the large size and complexity of the human brain. Most modern humans have a braincase vol ume of between 79.3 and 91.5 cubic inches. In the course of human evolution the size of the brain has more than tripled. The increase in brain size may be related to changes in hominine behavior. Over time stone tools, and other artifacts became increasingly numerous and sophisticated. It is likely that the increase in human brain size took place as part of a complex interrelationship that included the elaboration of tool use and tool making, as well as other learned skills, which permitted our ancestors to be increasingly able to live in a variety of environments. The earliest hominine fossils show evidence of marked differences in body size, which may reflect a pattern of the different sexes in our early ancestors. The bones suggest that females may have been 3 to 4 ft in height andShow MoreRelatedEvolution And Its Impact On Human Evolution910 Words   |  4 Pages Humans have gone through many stages of adaptation, allowing for great expansion and our unrivaled dominance of the earth. So it could seem as though humans have reached the peak of evolutionary development. Evolution is often thought of as a natural process, and were it not for humans, this might be true. However, evolution, in the strictest sense, is a change in the genetic structure of a population (Jurmain, et al., 5). While natural selection is a major contributor to the process of evolutionRead MoreThe Evolution Of Human Evolution1103 Words   |  5 PagesHuman evolution according to research started over 6 million years ago. The outcome of the evolution process is the current human beings. Scientific studies have revealed over the years a remarkable affinity between the chimpanzees/Apes and human beings. Even though this reality is not a definitive prove that human beings evolved from apes, it does show that the human beings are in one way or another related to other primat es. Scientists suppose that the humans and the primates shared a commonRead MoreEvolution And Its Effect On Human Evolution1826 Words   |  8 Pages It is the key to our evolution is very much correct. Beneficial mutation can be a next step of human evolution as people get more adapted to their environment, greatly increasing their chance of successfully reproducing. Evolution is the process of the characteristics of an organism changing over a long period of time. There are two types of evolution: micro, where gene frequencies are shifted within the population, and macro, where a whole new species arises. Evolution occur through naturalRead MoreConvergent Evolution Of Human Evolution972 Words   |  4 Pagesinstance of human evolution has been detected among the peoples of East Africa. It is the ability to digest milk in adulthood, conferred by genetic changes that occurred as recently as 3,000 years ago, a team of geneticists has found.The finding is a striking example of a cultural practice — the raising of dairy cattle — feeding back into the human genome. It also seems to be one of the first instances of convergent human evolution to be documented at the genetic level. Convergent evolution refers toRead MoreThe Evolution Of Humans And Humans978 Words   |  4 PagesHumans have existed on Earth for approximately 3.4 million y ears. The oldest known human ancestor is Lucy, an Australopithecus. Over this extensive period of time, humans have evolved significantly. Homo Sapiens have grown from 3 to almost 6 feet (average), lost most of the body hair, became leaner and adapted to walking. Humans have come a long way, from Australopithecus to Homo sapiens, from living in trees to living in cities. Slowly, through hundreds of thousands of years, we mutated over andRead MoreEvolution of Human3142 Words   |  13 PagesHuman evolution is the biological and cultural development of humans. A human is any member of the species Homo sapiens, meaning wise man. Since at least the Upper Paleolithic era, some 40,000 years ago, every human society has devised a creation myth to explain how humans came to be. Creation myths are based on cultural beliefs that have been adopted as a legitimate explanation by a society as to where we came from. The science of paleoanthropology, which also tries to create a narrative aboutRe ad MoreHuman Evolution2755 Words   |  12 PagesHuman Evolution Human Evolution, the biological and cultural development of the species Homo sapiens, or human beings. A large number of fossil bones and teeth have been found at various places throughout Africa, Europe, and Asia. Tools of stone, bone, and wood, as well as fire hearths, campsites, and burials, also have been discovered and excavated. As a result of these discoveries, a picture of human evolution during the past 4 to 5 million years has emerged. Human Physical Traits Humans areRead MoreThe Evolution Of The Human Body989 Words   |  4 PagesThe evolution of the human body can be observed from studying the intermediates found in ancestral organisms. Shubin proposes that every attribute that makes us human can be traced back to a time that showcases its importance for survival. Every single trait in the human body has been selected for through multiple mechanisms of evolution, natural selection being one of them. This theory is intriguing because not long ago it was unheard of to relate humans to fish, amphibians, reptiles, mammals, andRead MoreThe Evolution Of Human Origins1179 Words   |  5 PagesInitial ideas of human origins are reflected in the ancient mythologies. Later on, religious versions of human origins appeared. One of the most popular religious theory is creationism. According to it God had created men and everything else in the world. There are two types of creationism, young earth creationism and old earth c reationism . Ancient philosophy first proposed ideas of the natural origins of men. Most of its ideas were speculative. It was the product of the ancient philosophers` imaginationRead MoreThe Evolution Of The Human Body996 Words   |  4 Pagesinformation website is primarily focused on the evolution of the human body. The web source provides various selections to choose from, including: the human evolution summary, timeline, hall of skulls, and their perspectives. Likewise, the human evolution page describes the fossil hominids and their origins. The author recapitulates the hominid family, which consists of Homo, Australopithecus, and Ardipithecus. Correspondingly, the human evolution timeline page includes six distinct topics that follow

Theme of Social Isolation-Free-Samples-Myassignementhelp.com

Question: learn which differences and similarities between texts are significant and worthy of analysis to articulate their own interpretation of the texts in the form of a thesis statement and prove it over the course of an essay. Answer: Thesis Statement: As a result to societal pressure, social isolation makes the individuals feel about their lack of gravity in their life and tries to confirm the social ideas for living an authentic life which later leads the individuals in having more superficial and flawed relationships. Introduction: Social isolation has been manifested in different forms all through the society. The sense of isolation is also a representative of the individuality within the society that demands conformity and comfort. These also acts as societal pressures on an individual and causes a desolate sense of indifference amongst people, sense of their own self and their world. In T.S. Eliots The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock the poet has indicated to the awareness of an individual to his own insufficiency while being alone, which also discloses the inner fear and thoughts. Similarly, Paul Simons The Sound of Silence can also be interpreted as a satire to the materialistic society. This essay will trigger the usage of the theme of social isolation in both these poems. Discussion: In T.S. Eliots The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock, the poet creates an inter-textual link with Dante, Henry James and Robert Browning genre and frames the poem in a way that acts as a parallel link to the alienated experience of the central character with the materialistic and superficial society and his dreams. From the very beginning of the poem, there is a sense of paralysis in the poem coupled with anxiety and waffling. The sense of paralysis also revolves around the sexual and social anxiety of the character. According to critics, this poem is also an evaluation of a tormented psyche of any modern prototypical man who is eloquent, overeducated, emotionally stilted and neurotic. As the speaker of the poem, Prufrock has been shown to address a potential lover who can be with him and like to force the moment to its crisis while they consummate their relationship. However at the same time he realizes that he has known life too much for approaching any woman. Anxiety has been a prev alent image in the poem when the image of the protagonist is "pinned and wriggling on the wall" under any persistent woman gaze (The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock, line no. 58). In contrast to the societal norms, here the poet shows that the women seem to pay more attention to Prufrock. However, his obsession with his bald spot strikes a sharp contrast to the beautiful mermaid while she combs "white hair of the waves blown back". Here the hair acts as a representation of virility. Therefore, it can also be pointed out that the social isolation of the character is profoundly rooted in the psychosexual anxiety of the character. Prufrocks continuous return to women [who] come and go / Talking of Michelangelo (The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock, line no 13) and the repeated questions and negative appraisals tend to refers to the consciousness of a neurotic modern individual. His obsession is aesthetic but it is also a symbol of social isolation and compulsiveness. In a similar way, Paul Simons The Sound of Silence also talks about societal isolation that is prevalent in the modern society. The speaker here is shown to wake up in the middle of a dark night and talks to the darkness, Hello darkness, my old friend, I've come to talk with you again/ because a vision softly creeping, left its seeds while I was sleeping/ and the vision that was planted in my brain, still remains/ within the sound of silence (Sound of Silence, line no. 1-4). This poem is also incorporated with the idea of individual social isolation as people have forgotten the actual value and meaning of life. Most of them are running behind the materialistic pleasure and luxury. Even if people are earning a lot, the money is not being able to bring the ultimate happiness to them. Rather it can be said that the modern generation is moving further from what is true happiness as they have continuously ignored their goal of life. People, nowadays, fight and debate about meaningless thi ngs. The prevalent idea of this poem is that people have gradually replaced their personal relationships with the modern technology. With the symbols of electric warning sign and neon lights, the poet has shown the isolating factors that are continuously breaking the understanding and communication amongst people. These factors are continuously isolating them from their thoughts, personal hopes, experiences and pain. These are like the social media sites, email, messages and other depersonalizing varieties of communication that apparently are representing the progress in life, but they are creating more distance between people. On a more deep level, people may have progressed and reached to the neon and electric lights from the torches and candle lights, but they have forgotten to read others facial expression. Just as the neon lights give brilliant glow, the social media sites and the modern technologies happen to offer improved interpersonal connection apparently, however they lac k the strength and intensity of the natural beings. People are now busier in creating interpersonal misunderstanding that rips them apart. Simon also says that the capitalists and multinational companies are now the God of the society. They decide the choices, goals, and necessities of people as they have commercialized almost everything around people for their own benefit. Through this poem, Simon has represented a frightening scenario of the contemporary world which is doomed as it seriously lack the spiritual sense and filled with socially isolated human beings. Conclusion: Social isolation is a common theme in the contemporary poetry due to its prevalence in the common mans life. The modern hazards of life such as urbanization, industrialization and dehumanization have changed the attitudes of human beings and it has gradually pushed the old values at the background. This has also contributed in societal isolation and lead having a superficial life. The poets have narrated that the modern people have now lost their togetherness and started living an isolated and broken life. Therefore a large section of the population now feels that their life is purposeless. Reference List The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock. T.S. Eliot. 1920. Prufrock and Other Observations. (2017). Bartleby.com. Retrieved 22 October 2017, from https://www.bartleby.com/198/1.html Sound of Silence. (1965). Retrieved 22 October 2017, from https://www.azlyrics.com/lyrics/paulsimon/thesoundofsilence.html

IS/IT Procurement How Automation of Invitation Tender Can Support and Assist Companies

Introduction The internet has globalized this world to an extent that it looks like a virtual communal centre. People can send and receive electronic messages through e-mails. They can also make calls from literary anywhere in this globe and receive instant feedback. This has taken a new twist in the business world as prospective employees find jobs online.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on IS/IT Procurement: How Automation of Invitation Tender Can Support and Assist Companies specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Outsourcing has boomed with new technologies emerging in the information systems and technology markets. This has encouraged emerging markets and e-commerce that is trying to catch up with the latest technologies. Another product that has steadily grown over the years is automation of invitation to tender. Tenders can now be awarded overseas and to international companies with a click on the button. This paper will explore the effects of automation of invitation to tender on the development of companies. Invitation to tender Invitation to tender, also known as call for bids or request for tender refers to the process of generating several rival offers from various bidders who are hoping to muscle each other to the award of business doings such as supply, works or services. These tenders usually come after a prequalification questionnaire is filled. The tenders can be either open or restricted. The latter is usually meant for specific suppliers or military contracts, which are of special interest to the country’s security, among others. In the manual case, tender boxes are always located at specific areas of the organisation or in the post offices specifically meant for tender documents. Virtually all public sectors are obliged to provide tenders for their works and services. These are always posted on the local media, posters and their websites, among others. With the globalizatio n, electronic procurement has taken shape and is fast increasing as different local and multinational companies try to outsource services offshore to speed up the process. Automated Invitation to tender IS/IT procurement has increasingly risen in the modern world, with different companies using modern software to speed up the process of procurement as well as make use of the globalized world which has brought everything close.Advertising Looking for essay on it? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Procurement as a process is extensive and tasking, invitation to tender can take several months to arrive at a winner, and it is time consuming especially, when post office and/or manual delivery of tender is involved. In a world where virtual telecommunication and video conferencing, thanks to information and systems technology, has eased the other factors of production, it is only wise to make use of such technologies to fasten the ext ensive process of procurement. Automation of invitation to tender has been practiced for several years now and its increased use is credited to its advantages. E-procurement has several advantages as suggested above; it saves time, reaches out to a wide range of competitive bidders, economical, convenient, reliable and efficient. In addition, it has the potential to generate the best of the best for the service required. Its flexibility and cost effectiveness makes it easier for an organisation to subscribe to tender alerts to be kept updated of any need for their services. Since several companies around the globe seek to achieve competitiveness and economies of scale, automation of tender services are on the increase. The slowest to move in to automation is the industrial and manufacturing world, but this trend has changed as more and more of these companies seek improvements on their services and production. Tenders from manufacturing and industrial centres have increased with suc h bids afloat globally. Information system and information technology has therefore become an integral part of the modern world. It helps in service delivery and production. Underlying concepts and background All public sectors are obliged to provide tenders; e-procurement has made it much easier and fast. The need to keep pace with technological world and the urge to be competitive has soared necessitating the call for automation tenders. Digital technology has enabled automation of tenders to achieve their core business objectives. Several organisations have initiated private services to help market automation tenders through their websites and other sources.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on IS/IT Procurement: How Automation of Invitation Tender Can Support and Assist Companies specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This has brought into place the huge pool of bidders and organisations in need of their services toget her through online procurement systems. An example is ESA international, which is an organisation that deals with EMITS (electronic mailing of invitation to tenders) ITT. Such companies have created awareness of these services worldwide thereby increasing their capacities and efficiencies. Furthermore, such linking agencies act as a communication network between industries as well as companies, thereby simplifying the procurement process. In applying PESTLE analysis on Automation of invitation to tenders, it is quite handy to note that the overall result is encouraging its growth throughout the globe. Considering the factors in question such as, the environmental, economical, political, legal, sociological and technological, it is important to note that these factors have had positive effects on the development of automation of invitation to tender. For instance, there is virtually no political obstacle to the development of tender automation industry; the legal factors are related to the security of information against hackers and privacy, for example in that case of military contracts. However, even this can be accommodated, as there are various ways of ensuring information security such as encryptions. Social factors are more likely to encourage e-commerce, and no or less pollution to the environment since the use of posters are minimized. Both economic and technological factors are set to gain from reduced spending and more research to improve technology. In essence, the automation of ‘invitation to tender’ is the important, and will continue spur the modern world. The current situation of Automation of Invitation Tender in the world The current trends show increase in automation industries all over the world. Europe and the United states have developed their automation to an exceptional level with specific agencies assigned the responsibility of ensuring the process is handled in a professional manner. An example is the ESA agency in Europe, which offers exceptional standards of service to bidders and companies seeking their services. These procurement agencies have put in place complex framework aimed at providing professional services. They also offer post-awarding services, which include follow-ups, sourcing, ordering, fulfilment, billing and payment on behalf of the purchasing authority.Advertising Looking for essay on it? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Modern automated tendering is efficient and backed with complex software that is aimed at preventing hackers and private information from unintended users. Information and System technology has played an important role in ensuring safe running of such tenders. Several industrial and allied companies such as producers and manufactures are moving into automated information systems. Web portals are on the increase with industrial worlds like china, India, United States, Britain, Germany and France, among others making notable advances into paperless tender. Evaluations of tender bids have also taken a new shape with most companies doing automated evaluation, thereby reducing on evaluation costs. The world is hence becoming smaller and smaller with the development of new technological advances that improve automation of industries. India presents an example of an industrial hub, in which implementation of automated tender would be of great significance to their productivity, no wonder m ost of Indian industrial sectors have embarked on a plan to achieve full automation. The whole world from Africa, to America, Europe to Asia and Australia are all pressing their buttons in invitation to tender. This system is especially taking a new twist in the developing world, with most countries either acquiring or stepping up their already acquired automation information systems. Summary Automation of invitation tenders makes it as one of the most important technological achievements of the past decade. Having started in the developed world, it has been embraced in virtually every country in the world. Among these are India and China who are implementing it for heir industrial sectors at a fast rate. Automation of tender is very important in bring together the various companies seeking what they need. Developments of electronic procurement agencies have been essential in organisational development. Their knowledge in procurement procedures as well as evaluation and follow-ups h as reduced the cost and complexity of the once so extensive task. The PESTLE analysis conducted on automated invitation to tender gives an indication of a viable product in the market, which would help improve production and service delivery. Every company aims to achieve competitive edge over others and this service provides an ideal way of not only attaining this but also reducing on tender costs. Conclusions Automation of invitation to tender is one of the most important landmarks of technology. It provides for process automation by systematic invitation to the purchasing authority, and act as a communication channel between industries. It also provides automatic evaluation for invitations thereby saving on cost and time, which are important inputs into productivity. Recommendations IS/IT procurement is essential to all kinds of businesses and should be encouraged all over the globe as a way of generating competitive bidders. Automated invitation to tender is convenient in the mo dern world and should be provide in every institution that target competitiveness and economies of scale. This essay on IS/IT Procurement: How Automation of Invitation Tender Can Support and Assist Companies was written and submitted by user Mohamed M. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.